His maternal grandfather was King Ferdinand II of Spain, who died in 1516, which allowed Charles V to succeed the throne. His mental state suffered as well, producing often erratic and perverse behavior. Francois Guizot :A popular history of France. King of Norway Charles VIII HAAKON passed away on 1957. Alfonso II laid claim to the Milanese duchy. This article summarizes the reign, life and death, of Charles VIII of France. Charles XIII, or Carl XIII, (Swedish: Karl XIII, 7 October 1748 – 5 February 1818), was King of Sweden from 1809 and King of Norway from 1814 to his death. Mother: Margaret of Foix, daughter of Queen Eleanor of Navarre and Gaston IV, Count of Foix Father: Francis II, Duke of Brittany, who fought with King Louis and Charles VIII of France to keep Brittany independent, and who protected Henry Tudor who had fled England and would later become King Henry VII of England. This conflict would eventually lead Savonarola to be suspected of heresy and to be executed by the State. She died on the day of her birth at, This page was last edited on 6 February 2021, at 08:24. Around the king there was a circle of court poets, the most memorable being the Italian humanist Publio Fausto Andrelini from Forlì, who spread the New Learning in France. Prince Charles may not become King Charles III Preoccupied by the problematic succession in the Kingdom of Hungary, Maximilian failed to press his claim. Charles II of Spain was born November 6, 1661 and became king in 1665 at the tender young age of four. Charles died in 1498, two and a half years after his retreat from Italy, as the result of an accident. The famous friar Savonarola believed that King Charles VIII was God's tool to purify the corruption of Florence. In 1515 Charles ruled over the Netherlands and Burgundy after his father Phillip’s death in 1506, at the age of 15 years old. Charles VIII, known as "l'Affable", born June 30, 1470 at the Château d'Amboise, died April 7, 1498 at the same place, was King of France from 1483 to 1498. Charles was born at the Château d'Amboise in France, the only surviving son of King Louis XI by his second wife Charlotte of Savoy. [1] His elder sister Anne acted as regent jointly with her husband Peter II, Duke of Bourbon[1][2] until 1491 when the young king turned 21 years of age. Mary was fairly well most of her life but she grew increasingly ill during 1532 … They formed an anti-French coalition, the League of Venice on 31 March 1495. John S. C. Bridge in A History of France from the Death of Louis XI (5 vols., 1921-1936) devotes the first two volumes to the reign of Charles VIII. His godparents were Charles II, Duke of Bourbon (the godchild's namesake), Joan of Valois, Duchess of Bourbon, and the teenage Edward of Westminster, the son of Henry VI of England who had been living in France since the deposition of his father by Edward IV. He was regarded by his contemporaries as possessing a pleasant disposition, but also as foolish and unsuited for the business of the state. Upon his marriage, Charles became administrator of Brittany and established a personal union that enabled France to avoid total encirclement by Habsburg territories. There still remained the matter of Charles' first betrothed, the young Margaret of Austria. The event of the king's death is depicted in the TV series Borgia with a small twist: in the episode, Charles himself plays a game of jeu de paume with Cesare Borgia and loses; while leaving the game, Charles strikes his head on the lintel of a door. In 1509, at the young age of eighteen, Henry VIII ascended to the throne. A coalition formed against the French invasion of 1494–98 finally drove out Charles' army, but Italian Wars would dominate Western European politics for over 50 years. Born in Charlottenlund,Denmark on 1872 to Frederik VIII Christian Wilhelm Karl von Glücksburg Schleswig-Holstein, King of Denmark and Louise Josephine Eugenie Bernadotte. Henry VIII with Charles V and Pope Leon X, circa 1520 . Upon his death, the throne passed to his brother-in-law and second cousin once removed, Louis XII. The English monarch Henry VII had forced Charles to abandon his support for the pretender Perkin Warbeck by despatching an expedition which laid siege to Boulogne. Francis (August 1493), was premature and stillborn. Amateur Treasure Hunter Unearths Missing Centerpiece of Henry VIII’s Crown The gold figurine, valued at roughly £2 million, depicts 15th-century … Member of the house of Dreux-Montfort, tracing descent back to … When the court’s pressure brought him to a mental breakdown he decided to … Background . Margaret brought the counties of Artois and Burgundy to France as her dowry, and she was raised in the French court as a prospective queen. His mother ruled as a regent for 10 years until Charles was a teenager. Since he had no male heir, he was succeeded by his 2nd cousin once removed, Louis XII from the Orléans cadet branch of the House of Valois. A struggle between the French monarchy and the Spanish monarch Fernand of Aragon. Charles’ ill health condition deteriorated even more as he was approaching his deathbed. He is the first historically known king of Sweden by the name of Karl, but use of Charles … Charles V (born 1337, ruled 1364–80) was called Charles the Wise. The health of this weird Tudor family really is a family affair that won’t yield its secrets any time soon. National Resources; Prior to accepting the position of SAMHSA Regional Administrator, Charles Smith, Ph.D. served as the Director of the Division of Behavioral Health, Colorado Department of Human Services and Deputy Commissioner of Mental Health and Substance … Charles died in 1498, two and a half years after his retreat from Italy, as the result of an accident. "He died peacefully," a Buckingham Palace spokesperson said at the time. Meanwhile, although King Edward VIII kept his Christian name, he was always known to his family and friends as David, his last middle name. However, his expedition did strengthen cultural ties to Italy, energizing French art and literature in the latter part of the Renaissance. [citation needed] Anne returned to Brittany and began taking steps to regain the independence of her duchy. Henry’s reign is well researched due in no small part to the political and religious turmoil of the period. Brigitte Rousselot is a French noblewoman who appears in the final four episodes ofThe Tudors.A resident of the besieged city ofBoulogne, she disguises herself as a man so that she can fight beside her father. He never succeeded in gaining anything substantive. However, Charles's marriage brought him independence from his relatives and thereafter he managed affairs according to his own inclinations. In order to stymie these efforts, Louis XII had his 24-year childless marriage to Charles's sister, Joan, annulled and married Anne.[23]. On 25 January 1494, Ferdinand I, King of Naples, died unexpectedly. Volume 3. In an event that was to prove a watershed in Italian history,[15] Charles invaded Italy with 25,000 men (including 8,000 Swiss mercenaries) in September 1494 and marched across the peninsula virtually unopposed. While on his way to watch a game of jeu de paume (real tennis) in Amboise he struck his head on the lintel of a door. “The very thought that Henry VIII used to wear this figure in his crown on his head over 500 years ago when he was the most powerful man in the land is just mind-blowing,” Duckett told Crux. He was of very poor health indeed, … The reader will be transported into the heart of battle and exposed to the rumble of thunder and the clash of arms. Innocent's policy of meddling in the affairs of other Italian states[11] was continued by his successor, Pope Alexander VI (1492–1503), when the latter supported a plan for a carving out a new state in central Italy. Debatable or disputed rulers are in italics. The new state would have impacted on Milan more than any of the other states involved. Buried at Tours Cathedral. The most infamous mystery in British royal history is still unsolved — although one man has been the prime suspect for over 500 years. [22], Charles bequeathed a meagre legacy: he left France in debt and in disarray as a result of his ambition. [citation needed] Consequently, in 1493, Ludovico Sforza, the Duke of Milan, appealed for help to Charles VIII. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wneu.2017.06.094. During Anne's regency, the great lords rebelled against royal centralisation efforts in a conflict known as the Mad War (1485–1488), which resulted in a victory for the royal government. Charles, Dauphin of France (8 September 1496 – 2 October 1496). Francis, Dauphin of France (July 1497). In … As Charles was of delicate health, he was made to reside at Amboise. Meanwhile, Charles' remaining garrisons in Naples were quickly subdued by Aragonese forces sent by Ferdinand II of Aragon, ally of Alfonso on 6–7 July 1495. Poisoning, disease, and injury are the possible causes of his death but, according to the literature, cranial trauma was the most probable cause of death of the King Charles VIII of France. Conflict of interest statement: The authors declare that the article content was composed in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. The speed and power of the French advance frightened the other Italian rulers, including the Pope and even Ludovico of Milan. He was the second son of King Adolf Frederick of Sweden and Louisa Ulrika of Prussia, sister of Frederick the Great.. He was not himself a good warrior because of his poor health, but with the aid of his general Bertrand du Guesclin, he succeeded in driving the English almost completely out of France. SAMHSA Region VIII 1961 Stout Street Room 11-134 Denver, CO 80239 303-844-7873 Charles.Smith@samhsa.hhs.gov. Thus, Charles came to imagine himself capable of actually taking Naples, and invaded Italy. Charles was born into political strife in Europe as the Habsburgs tried to control the entire continent. Charles succeeded to the throne on 30 August 1483 at the age of 13. Queen Anne lived at the Clos Lucé in Amboise. [16] The French army subdued Florence in passing on their way south. In 1488, however, Francis II, Duke of Brittany, died in a riding accident, leaving his 11-year-old daughter Anne as his heir. The French army invaded Brittany, taking advantage of the preoccupation of Maximilian and his father, Emperor Frederick III, with the disputed succession to Mathias Corvinus, King of Hungary. Although the cancellation of her betrothal meant that she by rights should have been returned to her family, Charles did not initially do so, intending to marry her usefully elsewhere in France. Charles VII (actually Charles I) [1] [2] or Carl, Swedish: Karl Sverkersson, (c. 1130 – 12 April 1167), was ruler of Gothenland, and then King of Sweden from circa 1161 to 1167, when he was assassinated.. To secure France against invasions, Charles made treaties with Maximilian I of Austria (the Treaty of Barcelona with Maximilian of Austria on 19 January 1493)[9] and England, (the Treaty of Étaples with England on 3 November 1492)[10] buying their neutrality with large concessions. The marriage with Anne resulted in the birth of six recorded children, who all died young: Charles VIII's invasion of Italy and his relations with Pope Alexander VI are depicted in the novel The Sultan's Helmsman. Archives Photographiques, Paris. Charles VIII was succeeded by the Duke of Orleans, Louis XII, called the Spider, who resumed his project of bringing Italy under his sway and again invaded Northern Italy. "[4] She ruled as regent, together with her husband Peter of Bourbon, until 1491. Further Reading on Charles VIII. His health was poor. By continuing you agree to the use of cookies. While on his way to watch a game of jeu de paume (real tennis) in Amboise he struck his head on the lintel of a door.At around 2 PM, while returning from the game, he fell into a sudden coma, and died nine hours later, perhaps of a subdural hematoma. He devoted France's resources to building up a large army, including one of Europe's first siege trains with artillery. There were those in the Republic of Florence who appreciated the presence of the French king and his Army. A letter dated at Orléans 14 August 1493 from Francesco della Casa to Pietro de’ Medici records that the Queen “, "Trivulziana Cod. References: Christopher Hibbert : The rise and fall of the house of Medici, Penguin Books, 1974. [3] Charles succeeded to the throne on 30 August 1483 at the age of 13. Charles was born at the Château d'Amboise in France, the only surviving son of King Louis XI by his second wife Charlotte of Savoy. King Charles VIII of France was born at the Château d’Amboise in France on June 30, 1470. The formation of the League of Venice, which included the northern Italian states of Duchy of Milan, the Republic of Venice, the Duchy of Mantua, and the Republic of Florence in addition to the Kingdom of Spain, the Holy Roman Empire and the Kingdom of Naples, appeared to have trapped Charles in southern Italy and blocked his return to France. While on his way to watch a game of jeu de paume (real tennis) in Amboise he struck his head on the lintel of a door.At around 2 PM, while returning from the game, he fell into a sudden coma, and died nine hours later, perhaps of a subdural hematoma. The marriage was arranged by Louis XI, Maximilian, and the Estates of the Low Countries as part of the 1482 Peace of Arras between France and the Duchy of Burgundy. To secure his rights to the Neapolitan throne that René of Anjou had left to his father, Charles made a series of concessions to neighbouring monarchs and conquered the Italian peninsula without much opposition. [citation needed] Since his children predeceased him, Charles was the last of the elder branch of the House of Valois. Mary, duchess of Burgundy (1477–82), daughter and heiress of Charles the Bold, duke of Burgundy; her crucial marriage to the archduke Maximilian (later Maximilian I), son of the Habsburg emperor Ferdinand III, resulted in Habsburg control of the … 1870). In 1483, Edward IV died unexpectedly, making his 12-year-old son Edward V.However, before his coronation, Edward V was abducted by his father's brother Richard, Duke of Gloucester. He died several hours after his birth.